【Rayclass | 锐课堂】第10期：半导体激光淬火，在金属表面强化领域大放异彩
？
淬
huo
火
作为一种常见的热处理工艺，也是具有标志性的热处理工艺技术，淬火，cuì还是zhàn，“淬”到底怎么读？
在《新华字典》中，“淬”字的注音是“cuì”，而绝大多数热处理工艺人员和工人师傅却会读成“zhàn”。
Quenching is a metal heat treatment process in which a metal workpiece is heated to a suitable temperature for a period and then immersed in a quenching medium for rapid cooling.
敲黑板，涨知识
首先，淬字的读音就是cui, 毫无异议。
但是，淬火还有一种通俗的表达叫做“蘸火（zhan）”，这种表达很形象，将烧红的金属元件到水里蘸一下。《汉语大词典》中明确说：淬火，即蘸火。蘸火应该是工匠间通俗的说法，淬火则是书面用语。
以前，在车间中，退火、正火、淬火、回火是整体热处理中的四种基本工艺，由于环境嘈杂，为了明确区分不同工艺的指令，很多师傅会使用“蘸火”的发音，以防止退（tui）火和淬（cui）火发音太相近被误听，口口相传下来就有了zhan火的读法。
综上，淬火读cui，蘸火读zhan，普通人口语使用“淬火”，从业者口语使用“蘸火”，书面语一般统一写作“淬火”。
Heat treatment generally are annealing, normalizing, quenching, and tempering are four basic processes. Annealing, alters the physical and sometimes chemical properties of a material to increase its ductility and reduce its hardness, making it more workable. Normalization is an annealing process applied to ferrous alloys to give the material a uniform fine-grained structure and to avoid excess softening in steel. Quenching is the rapid cooling of a workpiece in water, oil, or air to obtain certain material properties. Tempering is a process of heat treating, which is used to increase the toughness of iron-based alloys.
淬火的目的
The purpose of quenching
说了这么多，究竟为什么要有淬火这一步骤呢？
So, what is the real purpose of quenching?
使用淬火工艺最主要是为了大幅提高金属的刚性、硬度、耐磨性、疲劳强度以及韧性等，从而满足各种机械零件和工具的不同使用要求。
The use of the quenching process is mainly to greatly improve the rigidity, hardness, wear resistance, fatigue strength and toughness of the metal, to meet the different requirements of various mechanical parts and tools.
主要应用
Main application
塑料模具，拉伸模具，冲压模具，轴类，齿轮，五金工具等。
Plastic molds, drawing dies, stamping dies, shafts, gears, hardware tools, etc.
激光淬火的优势
The advantages of laser quenching
告别传统的“往水里一蘸”，激光赋予淬火一种新的方式：
激光加热速度快，热影响区小，是表面扫描瞬间局部加热，所以被处理的工件变形量极小；
a) The laser heating speed is fast, the heat affected zone is small, and the surface is scanned for local heating at a moment, so the amount of deformation of the processed workpiece is extremely small;
几乎不破坏表面粗糙度；
b) Hardly destroy surface roughness;
激光淬火不开裂、能精确对局部、沟、槽淬火；
c) Laser quenching does not crack, can accurately quantify the numerical positioning of local and groove quenching;
激光淬火高效、清洁，不需要水或油等介质冷却；
d) Laser quenching is efficient, clean and does not require media cooling such as water or oil；
淬火硬度比常规方法高、淬火层组织细密、强韧性好，激光淬火硬度比传统高；
e) The quenching hardness is higher than the conventional method, both quenching layer in structure and the toughness are good;
由于激光淬火是快速加热、自激冷却，不需要护膛保温和冷却液淬火，是一种无污染、绿色、环保的热处理工业，可以很容易对大型表面进行均匀淬火。
f) Since laser quenching is rapid heating, self-excited cooling, and does not require ruthenium insulation and coolant quenching, it is a pollution-free, green, environmentally friendly heat treatment industry that can easily perform uniform quenching of large surfaces.
工具淬火
Tool quenching
随着对产品的要求越来越高，各类工具局部都需要做淬火来提高使用寿命。而传统的淬模具火，变形量大，局部控制难度大，激光淬火将是一个不错的选择。
With the increasing demand for products, various tools need to be quenched to improve the service life. However, the conventional quenching mold has a large amount of deformation and is difficult to control locally. Therefore, laser quenching will be a good choice.
锯子齿尖淬火
Sawtooth Quenching
管钳钳口淬火
Pipe Wrench Quenching
刃口淬火
Cutting Edge Quenching
钳口淬火
Plier Quenching
以下为利用锐科激光3000W光纤输出半导体激光器，应用在激光淬火领域的现场实拍：
This is the actual scene photos in the field of laser quenching for using Raycus 3000W fiber delivered direct diode lasers.
加工对象：凳子和靠背椅模具
加工材质：模具钢
加工作用：处理后能耐高温，不易磨损
Processing objects: stool and chair mold
Processing material: mold steel
Processing function: high temperature resistance, hard to wear
加工对象：汽摩配件
加工材质：45#钢
加工作用：提高产品使用寿命
Processing object: auto parts
Processing material: 45# steel
Processing effect: improve product life
加工对象：轴类
加工材质：50#钢
加工作用：提高耐磨性
Processing object: Shafts
Processing material: 50# steel
Processing effect: improve wear resistance
目前，激光淬火技术已经应用到冶金行业、机械行业、石油化工行业等易损件的表面强化，特别是在提高轧辊、导卫、齿轮、剪刃等易损件方面，提高模具硬度，延长模具的使用时间、使用寿命方面，效果显著。
At present, laser quenching technology has been applied to the surface strengthening of consumable parts such as metallurgy industry, machinery industry and petrochemical industry. In particular, in terms of improving the wear parts such as rolls, guides, gears, and cutting edges, the hardness of the mold is increased, and the service life of the mold is prolonged, and the effect is remarkable.
【Rayclass | 锐课堂】转眼已经更新到了第10期，作为2018年的最后一期，我们希望得到更多大家的阅读感受反馈，为了2019年更好的【Rayclass | 锐课堂】，我们希望知道更多您的想要。
锐意进取 科技创新
锐科激光
微信号 : raycuslaser
新浪微博：@武汉锐科激光
点“阅读原文”了解
3000W光纤输出半导体激光器产品